Supercomputer "K computer" Takes First Place in World

Official release from RIKEN.

http://www.riken.jp/engn/r-world/info/release/press/2011/110620/index.html

Supercomputer "K computer" Takes First Place in World
Achieves world's best performance of 8.162 petaflops to lead TOP500 list


June 20, 2011
RIKEN
Fujitsu Limited

Tokyo, June 20, 2011 - RIKEN and Fujitsu have taken first place on the 37th TOP500 list announced today at the 26th International Supercomputing Conference (ISC'11) held in Hamburg, Germany. This ranking is based on a performance measurement of the "K computer,"(*1) currently under their joint development.

The TOP500-ranked K computer system, currently in the configuration stage, has 672 computer racks equipped with a current total of 68,544 CPUs. This half-built system achieved the world's best LINPACK benchmark performance of 8.162 petaflops (quadrillion floating-point operations per second), to place it at the head of the TOP500 list. In addition, the system has recorded high standards with a computing efficiency ratio of 93.0%. This is the first time since June 2004, when the 'Earth Simulator' took first place, that a Japanese supercomputer has been ranked first on the TOP500 list.

1. Background

RIKEN and Fujitsu have been working together to develop the K computer, with the aim of beginning shared use by November 2012, as a part of the High-Performance Computing Infrastructure (HPCI) initiative led by Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). The K computer will be comprised of over 800 computer racks-each equipped with ultrafast and energy-efficient CPUs-that access into a network capable of an immense amount of interconnectivity. The supercomputer system brings together leading-edge technologies for high performance and high reliability.

To test the system's performance at the configuration stage, the K computer's processing speed was measured by the LINPACK benchmark program, placing it on the 37th TOP500 ranking of the world's fastest supercomputers. The TOP500 ranking list began in 1993 and is updated twice a year in June and November.
2. Performance and Future Status of the K computer

The LINPACK benchmark program, running on the part of the system that employs 68,544 CPUs installed on the K computer being configured, recorded the world's top performance of 8.162 petaflops. This gave it the number-one position on the TOP500 list. Moreover, for one of the world's largest supercomputers, it achieved an extraordinarily high computing efficiency ratio of 93.0%. This achievement is made possible by the K computer's integration of technologies, including its massive number of CPUs, the interconnectivity that links them together, and the software that is able to bring out the highest performance from the hardware.

When configuration of the K computer is complete in 2012, it is designed to achieve LINPACK performance of 10 petaflops. It will be widely used in a variety of computational science fields where it is expected to contribute to the generation of world-class research results. The K computer is a wholly made-in-Japan supercomputer, from the research and development of the processors, to system design and manufacturing. Use of the K computer is expected to have a groundbreaking impact in fields ranging from global climate research, meteorology, disaster prevention, and medicine, thereby contributing to the creation of a prosperous and secure society. RIKEN and Fujitsu will continue to work tirelessly toward completing the system's deployment in 2012.

3. RIKEN and Fujitsu Comments

Ryoji Noyori, President, RIKEN

I would like to express my deep gratitude to everyone, beginning with our colleagues at our development partner Fujitsu Limited, who worked so valiantly on the construction of the K computer even under the severe conditions following the Great East Japan Earthquake. It is wonderful to be able to share the joy of this moment with them. I very much believe that the strength and perseverance that was demonstrated during this project will also make possible the recovery of the devastated Tohoku region. As we move forward to complete this project by next June, we will maintain our firm commitment to the maintenance and operation of the system, and I hope to see wonderful results when we begin to make the world's top performing supercomputer available to users around the world.

Michiyoshi Mazuka, Chairman and Representative Director, Fujitsu Limited

I am delighted that we were able to achieve this result, made possible through the tremendous efforts of all involved, despite the impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake. In particular, I am sincerely grateful to our partners in the Tohoku region for their commitment to delivering a steady supply of components, even though they themselves were affected by the disaster. Bringing together hundreds of thousands of components to quickly launch such a massive-scale computing system-which would have been nearly impossible using conventional technologies-requires an incredible level of reliability. I believe that this reliability is truly the pinnacle of Japanese manufacturing. Without being too pleased with ourselves and losing sight of our goal, going forward we will proceed with the system's deployment and, once complete, we look forward to contributing to the achievements that the K computer will make possible.

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Supplementary Explanation
1 K computer
The K computer, which is being jointly developed by RIKEN and Fujitsu, is part of the High-Performance Computing Infrastructure (HPCI) initiative led by Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Configuration of the K computer began in the end of September 2010, with availability for shared use scheduled for 2012. The "K computer" is the nickname RIKEN has been using for the supercomputer of this project since July 2010. "K" comes from the Japanese Kanji letter "Kei" which means ten peta or 10 to the 16th power. The logo for the K computer based on the Japanese letter for Kei, was selected in October 2010. In its original sense, "Kei" expresses a large gateway, and it is hoped that the system will be a new gateway to computational science.

2 LINPACK

A program developed by J. Dongarra, Ph.D., of the University of Tennessee, for solving a system of linear equations using matrix computation. It is the benchmark program used to create the TOP500 list, which ranks the performance of the world's supercomputers (announced in June and November of every year).
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About RIKEN

The mission of RIKEN is to conduct comprehensive research in science and technology (excluding only the humanities and social sciences) as provided for under the "RIKEN Law," and to publicly disseminate the results of its scientific research and technological developments. RIKEN carries out high level experimental and research work in a wide range of fields, including physics, chemistry, medical science, biology, and engineering, covering the entire range from basic research to practical application. RIKEN was first organized in 1917 as a private research foundation, and reorganized in 2003 as an independent administrative institution under the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

About Fujitsu

Fujitsu is a leading provider of information and communication technology (ICT)-based business solutions for the global marketplace. With approximately 170,000 employees supporting customers in over 100 countries, Fujitsu combines a worldwide corps of systems and services experts with highly reliable computing and communications products and advanced microelectronics to deliver added value to customers. Headquartered in Tokyo, Fujitsu Limited (TSE:6702) reported consolidated revenues of 4.5 trillion yen (US$55 billion) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2011.

For more information, please see: www.fujitsu.com


The press conference on June 20. From left: RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science Director Kimihiko Hirao, RIKEN President Ryoji Noyori, Fujitsu Limited Chairman and Representative Director Michiyoshi Mazuka, Fujitsu Limited Next Generation Technical Computing Unit President Aiichiro Inoue

Japan tops supercomputer rankings (June 2011)

A supercomputer in Japan hasn't been number 1 since late 2004. Japan had even dropped out of the top 10 list for much of those 7 years. However, a supercomputer that Fujitsu built for Riken (a group of government-funded research institutions) recently put Japan back at the very top. US dominance of petaflop-level computing continues. However, China shows growing strength at supercomputers. This is now an era of PETAFLOP computing, with all top ten computers attaining that level of calculating power.  

http://www.top500.org/lists/2011/06/press-release

excerpt (entire article at link above)

Japan Reclaims Top Ranking on Latest TOP500 List of World’s Supercomputers
Thu, 2011-06-16 19:24


HAMBURG, Germany. A Japanese supercomputer capable of performing more than 8 quadrillion calculations per second (petaflop/s) is the new number one system in the world, putting Japan back in the top spot for the first time since the Earth Simulator was dethroned in November 2004, according to the latest edition of the TOP500 List of the world’s top supercomputers. The system, called the K Computer, is at the RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science (AICS) in Kobe.
....
For the first time, all of the top 10 systems achieved petaflop/s performance-- and those are also the only petaflop/s systems on the list. The U.S. is tops in petaflop/s with five systems performing at that level; Japan and China have two each, and France has one.

Bumped to second place after capturing No. 1 on the previous list is the Tianhe-1A supercomputer the National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin, China, with a performance at 2.6 petaflop/s. Also moving down a notch was Jaguar, a Cray supercomputer at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Oak Ridge National Laboratory, at No. 3 with 1.75 petaflop/s.

Tokyo Tech to take lead in supercomputing in Japan

AP - Kyodo News report that the Tokyo Institute of Technology plans to have its new Tsubame 2.0 ('tsubame' is Japanese for the fast-flying bird, the swallow) operational later this year, giving it the lead in speed and processing power in Japan. Japan, however, has taken a backseat in supercomputer progress in recent years in terms of global rankings. Still, Japanese manufacturers NEC, Fujitsu and Hitachi remain world class developers of technology for supercomputing. For example, NEC recently announced development of a computer chip that is the world's fastest, surpassing anything Intel has. And Fujitsu plans to increase sales of supercomputers to European institutions and companies.

RIKEN, the supergroup of research institutes in Japan, plans to construct the world's most powerful supercomputer, which would put the country back in the top spot. However, this extravagant undertaking faced suspension due to proposed budget cuts. The project has received enough of a 'lifeline' to keep going, but the 2012 deadline looks questionable.    

See article at link below, excerpt follows link.

http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D9GCI7R85&show_article=1


TOKYO, June 17 (AP) - (Kyodo)—The Tokyo Institute of Technology said Wednesday it will commence in November the full-fledged operation of Tsubame 2.0, which would become Japan's fastest supercomputer.

The computer can calculate 2,400 trillion times per second, or 12 times faster than a supercomputer at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, which is currently the fastest in the country.

Tsubame 2.0, however, is expected to be overtaken once Riken, a comprehensive research institute for natural sciences, starts operating a next-generation supercomputer in 2012. The Riken supercomputer project had faced suspension under a decision by the waste-cutting panel of the government led by the Democratic Party of Japan but was later allotted a budget to continue development.

How Japan fell behind in supercomputing

One hindrance has been the controversy of Japan favoring vector over scalar technologies. But the biggest blow was NEC's withdrawal from the largest super-computing project, with Hitachi soon following suit.
 
http://www.nature.com/news/2009/090520/full/news.2009.495.html

excerpt----

Scientists at RIKEN, Japan's premier research institute, are reeling from the unexpected news that corporate electronics giants NEC and Hitachi have pulled out of the country's next-generation supercomputing project. NEC, which posted a net loss of ¥300 billion (US$3.1 billion) for the financial year ending in March 2009, said last week that it could not support the investment needed to take the supercomputer's design to the manufacturing phase.

It is a blow for a country struggling to retain its reputation as a leader in computer technology. It is also a setback for vector computing, which has been struggling to retain its slim presence in the supercomputing world. As originally conceived, the machine would have incorporated both vector and scalar technologies.Getty

Japan had aimed to start operating its next-generation supercomputer next year and complete it by 2012. Designed to run at 9 petaflops, or 1015 floating point operations per second, Japan hopes the device will regain the title of world's fastest computer — currently held by an IBM-built machine at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, nicknamed Roadrunner.

end of excerpt----

See link above to read full article. 

China surges past Japan in supercomputing

One of the rankings we watch and cite regularly here at Japan HEO is the top500 list of supercomputers. In the latest rankings (published Nov. last year), Japan failed to place a supercomputer in the top 30. The highest rank for Japan is 31. Meanwhile, China gets one into the top 5. The US still dominates.  Here is the top 50 list. See the link for the entire list.  

http://www.top500.org/list/2009/11/100

Rank    Site    Computer/Year Vendor    Cores    Rmax    Rpeak    Power

1    Oak Ridge National Laboratory
United States    Jaguar - Cray XT5-HE Opteron Six Core 2.6 GHz / 2009
Cray Inc.    224162    1759.00    2331.00    6950.60
2    DOE/NNSA/LANL
United States    Roadrunner - BladeCenter QS22/LS21 Cluster, PowerXCell 8i 3.2 Ghz / Opteron DC 1.8 GHz, Voltaire Infiniband / 2009
IBM    122400    1042.00    1375.78    2345.50
3    National Institute for Computational Sciences/University of Tennessee
United States    Kraken XT5 - Cray XT5-HE Opteron Six Core 2.6 GHz / 2009
Cray Inc.    98928    831.70    1028.85   
4    Forschungszentrum Juelich (FZJ)
Germany    JUGENE - Blue Gene/P Solution / 2009
IBM    294912    825.50    1002.70    2268.00
5    National SuperComputer Center in Tianjin/NUDT
China    Tianhe-1 - NUDT TH-1 Cluster, Xeon E5540/E5450, ATI Radeon HD 4870 2, Infiniband / 2009
NUDT    71680    563.10    1206.19   
6    NASA/Ames Research Center/NAS
United States    Pleiades - SGI Altix ICE 8200EX, Xeon QC 3.0 GHz/Nehalem EP 2.93 Ghz / 2009
SGI    56320    544.30    673.26    2348.00
7    DOE/NNSA/LLNL
United States    BlueGene/L - eServer Blue Gene Solution / 2007
IBM    212992    478.20    596.38    2329.60
8    Argonne National Laboratory
United States    Blue Gene/P Solution / 2007
IBM    163840    458.61    557.06    1260.00
9    Texas Advanced Computing Center/Univ. of Texas
United States    Ranger - SunBlade x6420, Opteron QC 2.3 Ghz, Infiniband / 2008
Sun Microsystems    62976    433.20    579.38    2000.00
10    Sandia National Laboratories / National Renewable Energy Laboratory
United States    Red Sky - Sun Blade x6275, Xeon X55xx 2.93 Ghz, Infiniband / 2009
Sun Microsystems    41616    423.90    487.74   
11    DOE/NNSA/LLNL
United States    Dawn - Blue Gene/P Solution / 2009
IBM    147456    415.70    501.35    1134.00
12    Moscow State University - Research Computing Center
Russia    Lomonosov - T-Platforms T-Blade2, Xeon 5570 2.93 GHz, Infiniband QDR / 2009
T-Platforms    35360    350.10    414.42   
13    Forschungszentrum Juelich (FZJ)
Germany    JUROPA - Sun Constellation, NovaScale R422-E2, Intel Xeon X5570, 2.93 GHz, Sun M9/Mellanox QDR Infiniband/Partec Parastation / 2009
Bull SA    26304    274.80    308.28    1549.00
14    KISTI Supercomputing Center
Korea, South    TachyonII - Sun Blade x6048, X6275, IB QDR M9 switch, Sun HPC stack Linux edition / 2009
Sun Microsystems    26232    274.80    307.44    1275.96
15    NERSC/LBNL
United States    Franklin - Cray XT4 QuadCore 2.3 GHz / 2008
Cray Inc.    38642    266.30    355.51    1150.00
16    Oak Ridge National Laboratory
United States    Jaguar - Cray XT4 QuadCore 2.1 GHz / 2008
Cray Inc.    30976    205.00    260.20    1580.71
17    Sandia National Laboratories
United States    Sandia/Cray Red Storm - Cray XT3/XT4 / 2009
Cray Inc.    38208    204.20    284.00    2506.00
18    King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Saudia Arabia    Shaheen - Blue Gene/P Solution / 2009
IBM    65536    190.90    222.82    504.00
19    Shanghai Supercomputer Center
China    Magic Cube - Dawning 5000A, QC Opteron 1.9 Ghz, Infiniband, Windows HPC 2008 / 2008
Dawning    30720    180.60    233.47   
20    University of Edinburgh
United Kingdom    HECToR - Cray XT4, 2.3 GHz / 2009
Cray Inc.    22656    174.08    208.44   
21    Swiss Scientific Computing Center (CSCS)
Switzerland    Monte Rosa - Cray XT5 SixCore 2.4 GHz / 2009
Cray Inc.    22032    168.70    211.51    713.00
22    SciNet/University of Toronto
Canada    GPC - iDataPlex, Xeon E55xx QC 2.53 GHz, GigE / 2009
IBM    30240    168.60    306.03    869.40
23    Government
United States    Cray XT5 QC 2.4 GHz / 2009
Cray Inc.    20960    165.60    201.22   
24    ERDC DSRC
United States    SGI Altix ICR 8200 Enh. LX, Xeon X5560 2.8Ghz / 2009
SGI    15360    160.20    172.03    774.50
25    New Mexico Computing Applications Center (NMCAC)
United States    Encanto - SGI Altix ICE 8200, Xeon quad core 3.0 GHz / 2007
SGI    14336    133.20    172.03    861.63
26    Computational Research Laboratories, TATA SONS
India    EKA - Cluster Platform 3000 BL460c, Xeon 53xx 3GHz, Infiniband / 2008
Hewlett-Packard    14384    132.80    172.61    786.00
27    Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
United States    Juno - Appro XtremeServer 1143H, Opteron QC 2.2Ghz, Infiniband / 2008
Appro International    18224    131.60    162.20   
28    Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif - Centre Informatique National de l'Enseignement Superieur (GENCI-CINES)
France    Jade - SGI Altix ICE 8200EX, Xeon quad core 3.0 GHz / 2008
SGI    12288    128.40    146.74    608.18
29    DOE/NNSA/LANL
United States    Cerrillos - BladeCenter QS22/LS21 Cluster, PowerXCell 8i 3.2 Ghz / Opteron DC 1.8 GHz, Infiniband / 2009
IBM    14400    126.50    161.86    276.00
30    National Institute for Computational Sciences/University of Tennessee
United States    Athena - Cray XT4 QuadCore 2.3 GHz / 2008
Cray Inc.    17956    125.13    165.20    888.82
31    Japan Agency for Marine -Earth Science and Technology
Japan    Earth Simulator - SX-9/E/1280M160 / 2009
NEC    1280    122.40    131.07   
32    IDRIS
France    Blue Gene/P Solution / 2008
IBM    40960    119.31    139.26    315.00
33    ECMWF
United Kingdom    Power 575, p6 4.7 GHz, Infiniband / 2008
IBM    8320    115.90    156.42    1329.70
34    ECMWF
United Kingdom    Power 575, p6 4.7 GHz, Infiniband / 2009
IBM    8320    115.90    156.42    1329.70
35    DKRZ - Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum
Germany    Power 575, p6 4.7 GHz, Infiniband / 2008
IBM    8064    115.90    151.60    1288.69
36    JAXA
Japan    Fujitsu FX1, Quadcore SPARC64 VII 2.52 GHz, Infiniband DDR / 2009
Fujitsu    12032    110.60    121.28   
37    US Army Research Laboratory (ARL)
United States    SGI Altix ICE 8200 Enhanced LX, Xeon Nehalem quad core 2.8 GHz / 2009
SGI    10752    109.30    120.42    475.00
38    Joint Supercomputer Center
Russia    MVS-100K - Cluster Platform 3000 BL460c/BL2x220, Xeon 54xx 3 Ghz, Infiniband / 2009
Hewlett-Packard    11680    107.45    140.16   
39    HLRN at Universitaet Hannover / RRZN
Germany    SGI Altix ICE 8200EX, Xeon QC E5472 3.0 GHz/X5570 2.93 GHz / 2009
SGI    10240    107.10    120.73   
40    HLRN at ZIB/Konrad Zuse-Zentrum fuer Informationstechnik
Germany    SGI Altix ICE 8200EX, Xeon QC E5472 3.0 GHz/X5570 2.93 GHz / 2009
SGI    10240    107.10    120.73   
41    Total Exploration Production
France    SGI Altix ICE 8200EX, Xeon quad core 3.0 GHz / 2008
SGI    10240    106.10    122.88    442.00
42    Government Agency
Sweden    Cluster Platform 3000 BL460c, Xeon 53xx 2.66GHz, Infiniband / 2007
Hewlett-Packard    13728    102.80    146.43   
43    Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Science
China    DeepComp 7000, HS21/x3950 Cluster, Xeon QC HT 3 GHz/2.93 GHz, Infiniband / 2008
Lenovo    12216    102.80    145.97   
44    Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
United States    Hera - Appro Xtreme-X3 Server - Quad Opteron Quad Core 2.3 GHz, Infiniband / 2009
Appro International    13552    102.20    127.20   
45    Information Technology Center, The University of Tokyo
Japan    T2K Open Supercomputer (Todai Combined Cluster) - Hitachi opteron QC 2.3 GHz Myrinet 10G / 2009
Hitachi    15104    101.74    138.96    831.50
46    Max-Planck-Gesellschaft MPI/IPP
Germany    VIP - Power 575, p6 4.7 GHz, Infiniband / 2009
IBM    6848    98.42    128.74    1095.00
47    Institute of Physical and Chemical Res. (RIKEN)
Japan    RIKEN Intergrated Cluster of Clusters, Xeon X5570 2.93GHz, Infiniband DDR / 2009
Fujitsu    9048    97.94    106.04   
48    Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
United States    Chinook - Cluster Platform 4000 DL185G5, Opteron QC 2.2 GHz, Infiniband DDR / 2008
Hewlett-Packard    18176    97.07    159.95   
49    EDF R&D
France    Frontier2 BG/L - Blue Gene/P Solution / 2008
IBM    32768    95.45    111.41    252.00
50    IT Service Provider
Germany    Cluster Platform 3000 BL2x220, E54xx 3.0 Ghz, Infiniband / 2009
Hewlett-Packard    10240    94.74    122.88   

RIKEN UNVEILS NEW SUPERCOMPUTER

It doesn't challenge the petaflop barrier, and perhaps some will be surprised that Japan's most powerful supercomputer only ranks at 34th in the world.

Full article here:

http://www.genomeweb.com/blog/rikens-new-cluster-clusters

Excerpt of article below:

>>RIKEN's New Cluster of Clusters
August 12, 2009

By Matthew Dublin

Japan's RIKEN Institute has rolled out a new supercomputer called the RIKEN Cluster of Clusters (RICC) thanks in large part to Fujitsu, which deployed the new machine. The RICC is capable of 97.94 teraflops performance -- making it the country's most powerful to date and 34th worldwide, according to the Top500 list. (And no, we're not forgetting about RIKEN's MDGRAPE-3, the first computer to break the petaflop barrier back in 2006, but unfortunately it is not included in the Top500 due to its specialized architecture which cannot run the requisite benchmarking software.) The High-Performance Molecular Simulation Team uses MDGRAPE-3 for intensive large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, including simulations of RNA Polymerase II and protein-protein interactions.<<